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CMOS: Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. Low power semiconductor technology using opposing N and P doped transistors.
LOCOS: LOCal Oxidation of Silicon. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LOCOS
SOG: Spin On Glass.
Stringer: “unwanted residual material remaining in crevices or along edges of previous layers” (http://www.acceleratedanalysis.com/stringers.html)